ภาษาอังกฤษ
ภาษาอังกฤษ (English language) เป็นภาษาตระกูลเจอร์เมนิกตะวันตก มีต้นตระกูลมาจากอังกฤษ เป็นภาษาที่มีคนพูดเป็นภาษาแรกมากที่สุดเป็นอันดับ 3 (พ.ศ. 2545: 402 ล้านคน) ภาษาอังกฤษถือเป็นภาษากลาง (lingua franca) เนื่องจากอิทธิพลทางทหาร เศรษฐกิจ วิทยาศาสตร์ การเมือง และวัฒนธรรมของสหราชอาณาจักรและสหรัฐอเมริกา จึงมีความจำเป็นอย่างยิ่งที่นักศึกษาทุกคนจำเป็นต้องเรียนรู้ภาษาอังกฤษ เพราะว่าภาษาอังกฤษนั้นได้เข้ามามีบทบาทอย่างยิ่งต่อผู้คนในหลากหลายอาชีพ ซึ่งบางอาชีพต้องการผู้ที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญทางด้านภาษาอังกฤษมาช่วยประสานงาน ทำให้งานทุกอย่างนั้นง่ายราบรื่นและสำเร็จลงไปได้ด้วยดี
คำว่า อังกฤษ ในภาษาไทย มีที่มาจากคำอ่านของคำว่า Inggeris ในภาษามลายูที่ยืมมาจาก anglais (English) ( /ɑ̃glɛ/ (help·info)) ในภาษาฝรั่งเศส
ภาษาอังกลิช/แองกลิช (Angles) เป็นภาษาโบราณซึ่งใช้กันในชนชาติแองโกลที่อพยพสู่เกาะบริเตน และเป็นหนึ่งในภาษาแบบฉบับของภาษาอังกฤษ เพราะฉะนั้น หากพูดถึงภาษาแองกลิชแล้ว ก็ต้องระวังเสียงพ้องกับคำว่า ภาษาอังกฤษ
English
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the extensive influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, via the British Empire, and of the United States since the mid-20th century,[6][7][8][9] it has been widely dispersed around the world, becoming the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions.[10][11] It is widely learned as a second language and used as an official language of the European Union and many Commonwealth countries, as well as in many world organisations. It is the third most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.[12] It is the most widely spoken language across the world.[13]
Historically, English originated from the fusion of languages and dialects, now collectively termed Old English, which were brought to the eastern coast of Great Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) settlers by the 5th century – with the word English being derived from the name of the Angles, and ultimately from their ancestral region of Angeln (in what is now Schleswig-Holstein).[14] A significant number of English words are constructed based on roots from Latin, because Latin in some form was the lingua franca of the Christian Church and of European intellectual life.[15] The language was further influenced by the Old Norse language due to Viking invasions in the 8th and 9th centuries.
The Norman conquest of England in the 11th century gave rise to heavy borrowings from Norman-French, and vocabulary and spelling conventions began to give the superficial appearance of a close relationship with Romance languages[16][17] to what had now become Middle English. The Great Vowel Shift that began in the south of England in the 15th century is one of the historical events that mark the emergence of Modern English from Middle English.
Owing to the assimilation of words from many other languages throughout history, modern English contains a very large vocabulary. Modern English has not only assimilated words from other European languages but also from all over the world, including words of Hindi and African origin. The Oxford English Dictionary lists over 250,000 distinct words, not including many technical, scientific, or slang terms.
English
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the extensive influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, via the British Empire, and of the United States since the mid-20th century,[6][7][8][9] it has been widely dispersed around the world, becoming the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions.[10][11] It is widely learned as a second language and used as an official language of the European Union and many Commonwealth countries, as well as in many world organisations. It is the third most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish.[12] It is the most widely spoken language across the world.[13]
Historically, English originated from the fusion of languages and dialects, now collectively termed Old English, which were brought to the eastern coast of Great Britain by Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) settlers by the 5th century – with the word English being derived from the name of the Angles, and ultimately from their ancestral region of Angeln (in what is now Schleswig-Holstein).[14] A significant number of English words are constructed based on roots from Latin, because Latin in some form was the lingua franca of the Christian Church and of European intellectual life.[15] The language was further influenced by the Old Norse language due to Viking invasions in the 8th and 9th centuries.
The Norman conquest of England in the 11th century gave rise to heavy borrowings from Norman-French, and vocabulary and spelling conventions began to give the superficial appearance of a close relationship with Romance languages[16][17] to what had now become Middle English. The Great Vowel Shift that began in the south of England in the 15th century is one of the historical events that mark the emergence of Modern English from Middle English.
Owing to the assimilation of words from many other languages throughout history, modern English contains a very large vocabulary. Modern English has not only assimilated words from other European languages but also from all over the world, including words of Hindi and African origin. The Oxford English Dictionary lists over 250,000 distinct words, not including many technical, scientific, or slang terms.
อ้างอิง
